This page contains the full text of the above referenced pamphlet.
By permission of:
Office for the Education of
Homeless Children and Youth
Iowa Department of Education
Bureau of Federal School Improvement
Grimes State Office Building
Des Moines, Iowa 50319
(515) 281-3786
Being without a home is an unnatural way to live, and being Homeless can take its toll on a child's achievement in school. This enclosed information includes some key problems educators might encounter and provides suggestions for overcoming those problems. Many of the problems and solutions also apply to other at-risk students.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Identification/Facility Help
Individual Family Needs
School Enrollment/Placement
Attendance
School Achievement
Social/Personal Adjustment
RESOURCES
Planning School and Community Programs
Instructional Resources for Teachers
Staff Development
Videos About Homelessness
Other References
Local Community Services
Homeless Coordinating Boards, Local
State Agencies and Organizations
Federal Agencies
National Organizations
Internet Addresses Regarding Homelessness
Blank Resource Pages
Blank Problem and Solution Pages
Introduction
This brochure presents key problems educators may encounter with suggested solutions. If additional problems are encountered and/or developed please forward them to Dr. Raymond E. Morley, Bureau of Instructional Services, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0146. Efforts will be made to update this brochure as new ideas are identified and reported. Use the enclosed formats provided on pages 20-23 to assist in making replies.
Hopefully, this brochure will be useful in assisting school personnel to envision and provide support for Homeless children and youth. It should also be useful in conducting staff development training and in collaborative planning with community agency staff.
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Identification/Facilitating
Help |
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Problem |
Solution |
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A teenage runaway or throwaway is in danger of being abused or involved in selling drugs. A pregnant youth leaves or is forced out of her home. |
As soon as a school staff member knows that a youth
is in a Homeless situation, act quickly to refer the youth for immediate
assistance. Report abuse and neglect when mandatory reporting is required.
School staff need to collaborate with community service agency staff in the
development and implementation of an effective plan for shelter and provision
of needed services. Place posters in prominent places in school and the
community specifying where to call for help. |
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A mother and children leave home because of domestic
abuse and/or a fear for their safety. |
School staff needs to know how the mother can
contact the Domestic Violence Center. Place posters in prominent places in
school and the community specifying where immediate help is available. |
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Parents enroll a child using a questionable home address
or an address of another family. |
Train secretaries to be alert to clues that a family is in
a Homeless situation. Cross-check questionable addresses and addresses used
by two or three children with different names. Locate the family and assist
the parents as needed in obtaining community and school services. |
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A student's tardiness, absences, behavior problems, and/or
uncompleted assignments increases. |
Follow-up to determine if the student/family is
living in a Homeless situation. Assist parents/guardians to support school
rules and how to help with homework. Consider peer mentors/study mates for
children. |
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There is concern that the existing Homeless situation may
result in injury to a child and/or a major disruption in school achievement. |
Act quickly to assure provision of shelter (local homes,
shelters, and churches) when homelessness is identified. Collaborate with
community agencies to make sure assistance is available on a 24 hour basis.
Make sure the school liaison is known by school staff and throughout the
community. Attain "Homeless Coordinating Board" or other multi-agency
programs. Place "Call for Help" posters in school and the community
where they are most likely to be seen. |
|
A parent, child, and/or youth becomes very distraught when
placed in a Homeless situation. |
Take the time to assess the stability of the parent,
child, and/or youth to determine if an immediate referral for "crisis
intervention" treatment is needed. Homelessness is frequently the
culmination of an extended period of crisis situations producing family
mobility and stress. It should not be viewed as a crisis by itself. Some
individuals may be able to cope satisfactorily while others may need
extensive supportive assistance. |
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Individual Family Needs |
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Problem |
Solution |
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A family is identified as Homeless and has many unmet
basic needs, e.g., housing, food, clothing. |
Designate a school staff person to be the liaison for
Homeless children and youth and their families to provide assistance and
support to meet their needs. It is advantageous to designate one person to be
the liaison district wide. |
|
Lack of transportation and/or money may prevent parents
from keeping appointments, attending job training programs, applying for a
job, and getting to work. |
Collaborate with community organizations to provide
transportation for parents. Establish a neighborhood transportation co-op
where expenses are shared. |
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Medical problems are unattended. |
If feasible, house professional health services in a
school. Utilize school nurses and/or the school liaison to assist in
accessing needed services. Locate a center where children and youth feel
comfortable seeking medical attention. Utilize free and reduced price
services such as visiting nurses, vision exams, and hearing exams.
Collaborate with community agencies in arranging for the provision of needed
services. Establish a "Just One Kid" program where professionals
provide services to one child/youth per day. |
|
A student has frequent illnesses, such as
stomachaches, headaches, or rashes which may be symptoms of stress-induced
illness. |
Provide opportunities for personal counseling to help the
student/parents achieve an understanding of stress-induced physical
reactions. Make accommodations in school schedules to allow health services
and mental health services to be provided. Refer chronic cases to health and
mental health professionals. |
|
A student has difficulty with paying attention, listening,
studying, and staying on tasks which may be the result of being hungry. |
Provide breakfast programs for children and maintain
minimum food supplies. Have nutritious snacks immediately available. Encourage
children and families to use free and reduced-priced lunch programs and local
"soup kitchens." Teach families and children how to prepare
nutritious meals on a low budget. |
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A student falls asleep in the afternoon. |
Let the student rest, since sleep must come before
productive classroom participation is possible. Assist parents in improving
the family's living environment. Refer family for community agency services,
if needed. |
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A family is financially unable to pay school fees. |
Assist the parents in applying for full, partial, or
temporary waiver of school fees. |
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School Enrollment/Placement |
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Problem |
Solution |
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Homeless families move frequently which may result
in children changing schools either between or within districts. School
changes cause delays and interruptions in a child's learning, requires
adjusting to a new environment, and the development of new friends. |
Avoid disruption in the child's school program by
providing transportation to enable the child to continue attending his/her
home school. Establish a goal of keeping a child in the same school for at
least one school year. |
|
A change in the family's residence requires enrollment of
a child or youth into a new school. |
The sending school facilitates enrollment in the new
school by providing copies of school records to parents. |
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School records are not immediately available. Birth
certificates are not available. |
Enroll students first and then start searching for
records. Before determining class placement, contact the previous school
and/or administer tests to assess educational functioning. |
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A student lacks immunizations or records are lost. |
Enroll students first and then request immunization
records. Coordinate services with the Department of Health's clinics to
provide immunizations so a student's education is not interrupted. |
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The cost for simple school supplies is impossible
for some children. Extracurricular activity costs and lab costs for certain
courses can also be troublesome and embarrassing to children who cannot pay
them. |
Provide supplies to children to facilitate their
involvement. Maintain an assistance fund to provide grants to children and
families for supplies, travel and fees. Use the full, partial, and temporary
fee waiver when applicable. Use business partners to provide supplies. |
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A language barrier hinders parents in understanding school
placement, school services, and community services. |
Arrange for an interpreter to be present during parent
conferences. |
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Children in a Homeless situation are new to the school. |
Refer to the school nurse for a health screening and to
determine if medical exams are needed. |
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Attendance |
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Problem |
Solution |
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Getting to school with limited or no transportation
is an extraordinary task for children. |
Provide special transportation to assist parents who
cannot get their children to bus routes. Provide after-hours transportation
home to allow students access to study and recreation opportunities. Provide
transportation for parents to school events, parent training programs, etc. |
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A student has poor school attendance (missing one day or
more per week). Parents may keep students out of school because parents have
feelings of shame and do not want to force their children to deal with the
same feelings by sending them to school. |
Follow up on attendance immediately. Provide encouragement
and assistance in getting to school. Visit shelters, or wherever parents can
be located, to help overcome barriers. Contact community support people and
school social workers to help get children to school. Buy an alarm clock for
the child/family. |
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A student misses school to care for siblings. |
Collaborate with community agencies in arranging for the
provision of child care services on an immediately available basis. |
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A student does not attend school. He/she does not feel
safe in school, can't cope with school environment, has failed in the regular
system or has been abused or ridiculed to the point of withdrawal. |
Contact community shelters for the purpose of displaying
school information and asking shelter staff to encourage school enrollment.
Structure the school environment to make the child feel comfortable and to be
successful. Provide alternative schooling within the shelter or an
alternative setting more acceptable to the children. |
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Children miss school and/or are not ready to learn because
parents are currently unable to meet their needs. This may be due to the
parent's physical and/or mental health problems. |
Involve the school counselor and area education agency
personnel to determine if the parents need to be referred for professional
treatment and if additional assistance is needed to care for the children. |
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School
Achievement |
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Problem |
Solution |
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Homework is difficult for children who don't have a
quiet, proper place to study (adequate light, paper and pencils, a place to
sit). Finding a pencil or pen can be a major obstacle in a shelter or in an
abandoned building, tent, or car used for shelter. Reading without proper
light is impossible. |
Provide a place to study, materials, and perhaps personal
assistance before and after school. Include transportation, if needed, to
help children take advantage of a study area. Encourage students and parents
to use the study facilities. |
|
Poor performance in school occurs because nobody is
available to help the student with homework and/or the student does not have
access to a telephone. |
Provide tutorial and remedial assistance during weekdays
and on weekends in a learning/study center. Use personal contacts to
encourage children and families to use the center. Provide training to parents
in how to help their children. |
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Developmental lags in a child's language or motor skills
are present. A student has difficulty completing routine tasks normally
expected of children of certain age groups. |
Provide special individual assistance through local
programs, area education agency services, etc. Encourage participation via
intramural programs and community-based programs. Establish a peer helping
program. Establish assistance through community volunteerism programs. |
|
Deficits in academic skills and difficulty in learning are
present. |
Refer for remedial assistance and to area education agency
personnel. |
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Parents lack basic education and have difficulty in
helping their child(ren) succeed in school. |
Provide tutorial assistance at school on Saturdays and/or
at home. Train parents on how to help. Arrange for community volunteers to
assist the parents and/or provide support to the children. |
|
A language barrier interferes with parent's ability to
help their child(ren) succeed in school. |
Arrange for an interpreter (preferably not a sibling who
is also attending school) to be present at the conference. Send
communications to parents in the language they speak and read. Arrange for a
school liaison, a community staff member, or a volunteer with the necessary language
proficiency to translate to parents. Provide tutorial assistance. |
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Social/Personal
Adjustment |
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Problem |
Solution |
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School staff may not be aware of the needs and
problems encountered by children/families in Homeless situations. |
Provide inservice training to staff to increase their
awareness and understanding and how to maintain and respect the dignity of
children and families. Utilize teacher assistance teams who are trained to
look beyond what is happening at school in order to evaluate and respond to
the student's whole situation. Look for "indicators" to help
identify non-acting out children and youth who may be in need of assistance. |
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A student does not invest emotionally in social
relationships because he/she has found it too painful to leave friends from
his/her previous school. |
Provide transportation to enable the child to continue
attending his/her home school. If not possible, establish school programs to
help the child to adjust socially. |
|
A student displays, over an extended period of time, no
trust of the teacher, expresses dislike for school, and/or challenges school
staff. |
Be patient and persistent in trying to help. Offer
repeated support without withdrawing. Continue offerings of help. Try to keep
the child in the same school even if parents move. Review with staff ways to
respond that enables students to feel respected. This will help students to
trust and to feel safer. |
|
A student has few or no friends, is not accepted by peers,
and/or has few meaningful social relationships. |
Provide in-school, after-school, and/or Saturday
activities designed to increase self-esteem, develop friendships, and a sense
of belonging. |
|
A student uses coping strategies such as temper tantrums,
thumb sucking, extreme shyness, lying, and stealing. |
Redirect inappropriate coping behavior as quickly as
possible via personal counseling or other services. Make children aware when
their behavior is inappropriate. When necessary counsel other students on
problem situations and enlist their help in changing the behavior. Refer to
mental health professionals if behavior persists. |
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Depression and unhappy feelings in a student last for long
periods. |
Determine if an immediate referral to a mental health
professional is needed. Provide individual counseling or before and after-school
teacher chats. Encourage friendship with peers. Involve the child in physical
activities. Determine the mental health status of the parent(s) and refer
them for assistance if needed. |
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A student displays disruptive behavior that is severe or
is evident for an extended duration. |
Involve school administrators, counselors, and area
education agency staff to obtain assistance in developing appropriate
behaviors. Refer to mental health professionals if behavior persists. |
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Homeless children may be embarrassed because of a lack of
clean, up-to-date clothing. |
Establish a relationship with local department stores so
that donations of new up-to-date clothing can be made. Obtain vouchers from
laundromats to allow families to access laundry facilities. Make available
hygiene supplies such as soap, toothpaste, shampoo, and sanitary supplies. |
|
Lowered self-esteem (personal drive to want to do well)
may develop as a result of homelessness. |
Provide 10 to 20 times the normal amount of reassurance to
children to build self-confidence. Make sure the child can achieve success in
the school program. |
|
Emotional trauma experienced by children through family
violence and at school via harassment from peers produces feelings of being
unsafe. Angry outbursts or withdrawn behavior can result. |
Address harassment issues in the discipline practices and
rules of the school. Provide a place for students to vent their anger and
someone to listen. Counsel students on how to handle harassment. Hold group
counseling or classroom discussion on parent/child relations and conflict
resolution. Cover human development in curriculum for all children. Provide
instruction in social studies to sensitize all students to the impact of
homelessness. |
|
A child/youth is observed hanging around school when other
children are gone, daydreaming in the classroom, not participating in group
activities, walking to school rather than riding a scheduled bus, and/or
eating alone. |
Intervene to find out what is occurring and whether help
is necessary. Befriend children to help them overcome possible trauma.
Contact parents for insight into home and social situations. Take steps to
protect children if behavior could be dangerous, i.e., walking home late and
alone. |
RESOURCES
Planning School and Community Programs
Anderson, L., Janger, M., & Panton, K. (1995). An evaluation of state and local efforts to serve the educational needs of Homeless children and youth. Produced for the U.S. Department of Education by Policy Studies Associates. Washington D.C.
This entire document is in Appendix F of "Pieces of the Puzzle" publication listed in the Staff Development references.
*Else, D., Grey, M., Peglow, A., Rigdon, K., & Smith P. (1992) A guide to assisting Homeless children and their families. Prepared by the Institute for Educational Leadership, a Division of the College of Education at the University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa with funding provided by the Iowa Department of Education, Office for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth.
A comprehensive training module for use in training school staff so they may better assist Homeless children and their families. Practical strategies are presented. Barriers which delay education are discussed. Twenty-four sample lessons designed for use with students are included.
Iowa Department of Education. (1997, Fall). Homeless local program review guide: Services for Homeless children and youth. Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0146, (515) 281-7697.
This brochure was developed to serve as a tool to assist local districts in developing quality policies and procedures to serve Homeless children and youth. The review reflects all major issues addressed in Chapter 33, Iowa School Rules, and the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act. A more detailed copy including information for federal monitoring of funded programs is available.
James, B., Lopez, P., Murdock, B., Rouse, J., & Walker, N. (1997) Opportunity: Creating success for students in Homeless situations. Homeless Education Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Charles A. Dana Center, 2901 North IH-35, ECN 2.200, Austin, TX 78722-2348. Federal Identification No. 746000203, (512) 475-9702.
This section contains over 75 actions that schools and communities can take to improve services for students experiencing homelessness. It is included in the "Pieces of the Puzzle" publication listed in the Staff Development references.
Texas Office for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth. Campus self-assessment guide for the education of students in Homeless situations. Texas Office for the Education of Homeless, telephone numbers are 1-800-446-3146 or (512) 475-9702.
This guide consists of questions that serve as indicators of the extent to which a school district is addressing the needs of students in Homeless situations. Not all of the issues discussed are compliance issues. Where the McKinney Homeless Assistance Act requires action the law is cited and the question is listed in bold print. The entire guide is in Appendix B of the publication "Pieces of the Puzzle." (Refer to Staff Development references.)
Instructional Resources for Teachers
*Morley, R., Svengalis, C., & Buckingham, B. (1994, March). Homelessness: A resource guide for grades 1-12, helping children and youth understand and be involved. Iowa Department of Education, Des Moines, Iowa.
This publication includes separate instructional lessons for grades 1-5, grades 6-8, and grades 9-12; an extensive bibliography of fiction and nonfiction books, films, videos, and audio cassettes, a Speaker's Bureau, and organizations.
*South Dakota Department of Education and Cultural Affairs. Home-school partnerships: Understanding children's "homes." Office of Technical Assistance. South Dakota Department of Education and Culture Affairs, 700 Governors Drive, Pierre, SD 57501-2291, (605) 773-4437.
This brochure provides teachers with tools for learners of all ages to gain an understanding of the diversity of places children call "home." This brochure has a bibliography of children's literature related to the diversity of homes, including homelessness.
* The references with an asterisk (*) before them include bibliographies and/or a listing of resources.
Staff Development
*James, B., Lopez, P., Murdock, B., Rouse, J., & Walker, N. (1997). Pieces of the puzzle: Creating success for students in Homeless situations. Homeless Education Education Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Charles A. Dana Center, 2901 North IH-35, ECN 2.200, Austin, Texas 78722-2348, (512) 475-9702.
A training program focusing on helping participants (1) develop awareness that there are students in Homeless situations, (2) gain an understanding of the challenges that these students and their families face, and (3) create opportunities for these students to enroll and succeed in school, regardless of their living situations. A copy of the manual and the video tape is available at the Office for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education. The video may be reproduced for educational purposes only. The manual and the "Campus Self-Assessment Guide" are included on diskettes compatible wilt both PC type computers and Macintosh computers. The disks enable users to create the entire manual or customized handouts.
Videos About Homelessness
A home in between: Designing transititional housing for women and children (Color, 13 minutes). Produced and directed by Maguire/Reeder, Ltd. Available from the National Coalition for the Homeless.
Don't make me choose (Color/B & W, 17 minutes). Produced by and available from Night Vision Productions, P.O. Box 97, South Windsor, CT 06074, (203) 289-7503.
Faces of homelessness (1991, Color, 32 minutes). Produced by the Massachusetts Department of Education, Office for the Education of Homeless Children and Youth, 350 Main Street, Malden, Massachusetts 02148, (617) 388-3300, Ext 382.
Home less home (Color, 1991, 70 minutes). Available from Bill Brand Productions, 108 Franklin St. 4W, New York, NY 10013, (212) 966-6253, bbrand@pipeline.com
Homeless in America (B & W, 12 minutes). Available fom the National Mental Health Association, 1021 Prince St., Alexandria, VA 22314-2971, (703) 684-7722.
I want to go home - Homeless in New Hampshire ( B & W, 20 minutes). Available from Video Verite, Attn: Peter Braddock, P.O. Box 1579, Portsmouth, NH 03802, (603) 436-3360.
It was a wonderful life - Hidden Homeless women (Color, 52 minutes). Available from Filmmakers Library, Inc., 124 E. 40th St., New York, NY 10016, (212) 808-4980; FAX: (212) 808-4983.
Lost in the shuffle: Homeless children in our schools (Color, 15 minutes). Produced by the Illinois State Board of Education, 100 N. 1st Street, Springfield, IL 62777, (312) 814-3616.
Mansions above (1994, Color). Produced by the McKinney Education Project, Edison Middle School, 2101 S. West Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57105.
Pieces of the puzzle (1997, Color, 20 minutes). Produced by the STAR Center, Homeless Education Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Charles A. Dana Center, 2901 North IH-35, ECN 2.200, Austin, TX 78722-2348. Federal Identification No. 746000203, (512) 475-9702.
Media Resource Center (1991, December 17). Reach for the child. (Video). (Available from Dr. Raymond E. Morley, Iowa Department of Education, Bureau of Instructional Services, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319-0146).
A Homeless nine year-old had never attended school until today. A plan for educators to look at problems of Homeless students. This video includes six dramatic vignettes.
Fox Broadcasting Company: The Reporters (1990). Shelter boy. (Video). (Available from Dr. Raymond E. Morley, Iowa Department of Education, Bureau of Instructional Services, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319-0146).
A Homeless family explains how easy it is to become Homeless, how a city safety net did not help and how people treat the Homeless.
Survivors of the streets: Success stories of four who were Homeless (Color, 28 minutes). Produced by Charlann Slater. Available from Full Circle Foundation, P.O. Box 649, Green Farms, CT 06436, (203) 216-5492.
The Homeless: I too have a dream (Color, 10 minutes). Produced by the Hawaii Department of Education, 2530 10th Avenue, Room A-15, Honolulu, Hawaii 96816, (808) 735-9024.
Other References
Baum, A., & Burnes, D. (1993). A nation in denial: The truth about homelessness. Westview Press, Inc., 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301-2877.
Accepted notions regarding homelessness are challenged. Proposes a new understanding of homelessness, suggests the need for a serious reexamination of current policies and proposes ways for helping the Homeless.
*Baumohl, J. (1996). Homelessness in America. Edited by Jim Baumohl for the National Press, 404 N. Central at Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ 85012-3397.
This book is about homelessness rather than Homeless people. To understand homelessness and what to do about it, the contributors examine carefully not merely the characteristics of the Homeless population, but the social and economic arrangements that shape individual experiences. It is divided into three parts: (1) history, definitions, and causes; (2) dimensions of homelessness; and (3) responses to homelessness. It includes an extensive list of references, clearinghouses, and national and state organizations.
*Bureau of Primary Health Care, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. Health care for the Homeless directory. Health Care for the Homeless Information Resource Center, Policy Research Associates, Inc., 262 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054, (888) 439-3300, Ext. 246.
This publication is published annually.
Children's Defense Fund, (1991). Homeless families: Failed policies and young victims. Washington, D.C., 25 "E" Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20001, (202) 628-8787.
*Community Development Department, City of Des Moines (1997). Shelter and services that you can get today. Community Development Department, City of Des Moines, Armory Building, 602 East First Street, Des Moines, IA 50309, (515) 237-1335.
A comprehensive annotated listing of agencies providing shelter and services in Des Moines and Polk County. Includes agencies that provide food, emergency shelter, transitional housing, permanent housing, advocacy, clothing, and thrift stores. Similar publications may be available in other Iowa cities and counties.
Dail, P.W., Shelley, M.C., Fitzgerald, S. & Baker, J. (1998). Homeless in Iowa: Findings from the 1997 statewide study. Available from the office of the coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0146 (515) 281-7697.
This report documents the findings from the biannual statewide study of homelessness mandated by the U.S. Department of Education. The study also contains information on the perceived educational and community-based needs of this population. For further information contact Professor Paula Dail at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa or Dr. Raymond E. Morley, Iowa Department of Education, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa.
Davidson, O. (1990). Broken heartland: The rise of America's rural ghetto. The Free Press. A Division of Macmillan, Inc., 866 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022.
An in-depth study of the disintegration of rural communities and the spread of homelessness, hunger, poverty, and despair throughout the nation's heartland, utilizes results of interviews with more than two hundred Iowa residents.
Hanna: Keelan Associates P.C. (1995). A study of Homeless and near-Homeless in Nebraska. Nebraska Department of Economic Development, 301 Centennial Mall South, P.O. Box 94666, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509-4666, (402) 471-3111.
Identifies the nature and extent of rural and urban homelessness and near-homelessness with a discussion of their special needs.
Haus, A., Editor (1988). Working with Homeless people: A guide for staff and volunteers. Columbia University Community Services, 635 West 115th Street, New York, NY 10025.
Presents basic knowledge and procedures considered to be effective in working with Homeless people. Designed for staff and volunteers working in shelters and providing emergency services.
*Homeless Information Exchange (1994, May). The essential reference on homelessness. A fully annotated bibliography. National Coalition for the Homeless, 1012 14th Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 737-6444.
Presents reports and research collected and cataloged over ten years. Indexed by author, state, and subject.
*Interagency Council on the Homeless (1998, January). Recent federal publications on homelessness. 451 Seventh Street, SW, Suite 7274, Washington, D.C. 20410-0000; (202) 708-1480.
A bibliography of federal publications pertaining to education, emergency shelters, employment and job training, families, food and nutrition, health care, Homeless prevention, housing, McKinney Act programs, mental health, runaway and Homeless youth, rural homelessness, and Veteran's programs.
*Legal Services Corporation of Iowa. (1993, October). Directory of legal services regional offices and counties. 1111 9th Street, Suite 230, Des Moines, IA 50314, (515) 243-2151.
National Coalition for the Homeless (1977). Why are people Homeless, NCLT fact sheet #1. 1012 14th Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, D.C, 20005, (202) 737-6444.
*National Coalition for the Homeless (1997). Education of Homeless children any youth, NCH fact sheet #10.
Examines the barriers to education faced by Homeless children and youth, progress made to remove those barriers, and current policy issues. A list of resources is provided.
National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty. (1995). A foot in the schoolhouse door: Progress and barriers to the education of Homeless children. Washington, DC: Author. The report is available from the Law Center for a small donation. Contact the Law Center at 918 F St., NW, Suite 412, Washington, DC 20004; (202) 638-2534.
This report discusses the progress in removing barriers faced by Homeless children in trying to gain access to education.
*National Mental Health Knowledge Exchange Network (KEN), P.O. Box 42490, Washington, DC 200015; Toll free information line, 1-800-789-2647; CMHS Electronic Bulletin Board, 1-800-790-2647; http://www.mentalhealth.org
Provides user-friendly, "one stop" gateway to a wide range of resources on mental health services. The KEN database provides current information about CMHS' technical assistance centers; federal, state, and local mental health agencies; other national clearinghouses and information centers; mental health organizations and professional association; and consumer and family advocacy organizations.
An Electronic Bulletin Board Service, toll-free 1-800-790-247, with the access password "public" is available through personal computers, public libraries, universities, educational organizations, state and local health/mental health departments, and potentially through FedWorld and the Internet.
*National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness Policy Research Associates, Inc. (1997, June). Annotated bibliography: Homeless families and children. 262 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054; 1-800-444-7415.
An extensive and recent annotated bibliography, available from their web site http://www.prainc.com/nrc/bibliographics/fam_child.htm.
Iowa Department of Education. (1993). Educating the Homeless. School rules of Iowa, chapter 33. Des Moines, IA 50319-0146. Office of the Coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319-0146; (515) 281-7697.
Morley, R. (1993). Memo to school administrators of Iowa, Homeless Student - New rules for schools. Office of the Coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education. Des Moines, IA 50319-0146; (515) 281-7697.
Schwartz, W. (1995). School programs and practices for Homeless students. ED383783 Apr 95. ERIC/CUR Digest, No. 105. New York: ERIC Clearinghouse on Urban Education. http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed383783.html
Smith, J. (1996). Community action agencies in Iowa. Community Action Agency, Department of Human Rights, Lucas State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319; (515) 281-3861.
This 1996 Annual Report presents programs and services offered by Iowa's Community Action Agencies.
Solomon, C., & Jackson-Jobe, P. (1992). Helping Homeless people: Unique challenges and solutions. American Association for Counseling and Development, 5999 Steenson Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22304.
Designed as a guide for professionals to gain a detailed awareness and understanding of homelessness and developing intervention strategies.
STAR Center. (1997). Pieces of the puzzle: Creating success for students in Homeless situations. This reference is available from the Homeless Education Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Charles A. Dana Center, 2901 North ID-35, ECU 2.200, Austin, Texas 78722-2348; Federal Identification No. 746000203, (512) 475-9702, FAX: (512) 232-1853. This publication may also be obtained from all Area Education Agencies within Iowa.
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This publication includes
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Training tips, questions, and action steps including awareness of homelessness, barriers to education, and creating success for students in Homeless situations. ERIC digests related to homelessness. *World wide web resources related to homelessness. Video
and computer discs for Macintosh and IBM containing all information. |
Strange, J. (1992). Educating Homeless children and adolescents: Evaluating policy and practice. Sage Publications, In., 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320; (805) 499-0721.
Highlights the issues related to the provision of an education for Homeless children and youth.
Waxman, L., & Trupin, R. (1997, December). A status report on hunger and homelessness in America's cities. The United States Conference of Mayors, 1620 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20006; (202) 293-7330.
*Weiher, G., Sen, L., Durand, J., & Durand, R. (1996). Enumeration and needs assessment of the Homeless of Houston and Harns County. The Center for Public Policy , University of Houston; The Mickey Leland Institute, Texas Southern University; Durand Research and Marketing Associates, LLC. http://www.hchcda.co.harris.tx.us/Homeless/hmlsrpt4.htm
Includes definition of homelessness, a literature review, methodology, and analysis of needs assessment data.
*Welfare information Network. Housing and homelessness. Lists, organizations and has a bibliography of publications. Web site: http://www.walfareinfo.org/Homeless.htm
Wright, D., & Morley, R. (1993, May). Homeless children and adults in Iowa: Addressing issues and options in education, services and the community. Drake University in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Education. Des Moines, IA.
Local Community Services
*Des Moines and Polk County Services. Shelters and services. (This listing may be representative of the availability of services in other Iowa Communities.) Community Development Department, City of Des Moines, 602 East First Street, Des Moines, IA (515) 237-1335.
Publishes a comprehensive listing of shelters and services located in Des Moines and Polk County including: food and food pantries, emergency shelters, transitional housing, permanent housing, health care, general services, legal assistance, advocacy, clothing rooms and vouchers, thrift stores, etc.
Emergency assistance is available on a 24 hour basis by contacting the following:
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Shelter hot line |
1-800-303-0654 |
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Polk County Victim
Services/Rape, Sexual Assualt Care |
(515) 286-3600 |
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Crisis Line |
(515) 286-3535 |
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Narcotics Anonymous |
(515) 244-2277 |
*Iowa Department of Human Services. Statewide directory of providers. Coordinator, Office of Homelessness, Iowa Department of Human Services, Division of Economic Assistance, Hoover State Office Building, 5th Floor, Des Moines, IA 50319; (515) 281-6249.
This publication lists providers of services for Homeless, such as emergency shelters, transitional housing, food, clothing, and other providers. When requesting this publication it should be done by county.
Homeless Coordinating Boards, Local
Local Homeless Coordinating Boards are volunteer organizations designated by the Interagency Task Force on Homelessness to identify, coordinate, and improve local efforts to assist the Homeless and those at risk of becoming Homeless. There are presently thirty-one local boards representing ninety-four of Iowa's ninety-nine counties. Contact the Interagency Task Force on Homelessness, Office of Homelessness, Department of Human Services, Hoover State Office Building, Des Moines, Iowa 50319-0114; (515) 251-6249.
State Agencies and Organizations
Community Action Agency, Department of Human Rights, Lucas State Office Building, 321 East 12th Street, Des Moines, IA 50319; (515) 281-3861.
This agency is the focal point for Community Action Agency (CAA) activities within state government. Its bureau of community services administers four antipoverty programs: 1) The Community Services Block Grant which distributes funds to Iowa's nineteen CAA's to conduct antipoverty services; 2) The Family Development and Self-Sufficiency Grant Program; 3) The Emergency Community Services Homeless Grant which distributes funds to each CAA to address the needs of Homeless; and 4) The Community Food and Nutrition Grant Program.
Interagency Task Force on Homelessness, Office of Homelessness, Department of Human Services, Hoover State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50310-0114; (515) 251-6249.
The State Interagency Task Force on Homelessness exists and acts a forum for discussing and exchanging ideas and information about the causes and effects of homelessness in the state and coordinating and improving services to help this population and other low-income Iowans. Established in 1989, the Task Force is a volunteer organization consisting of representatives from federal, state, and local governmental agencies providing or administering services and programs to assist the Homeless and those at risk of becoming Homeless, service providers, advocates, and other interested persons.
Office of the Coordinator of Education of Homeless Children and Youth, Bureau of Instructional Services, Iowa Department of Education, Grimes State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319-0146; (515) 281-3797.
The coordinator develops a state plan to provide for the education of Homeless children and youth, coordinates with other agencies and organizations to improve comprehensive services to families, children, and youth in Homeless situations, administers a grant process to allow school districts to access federal funds, prepares reports for the U.S. Secretary of Education, and estimates the number of Homeless children and youth in the state and those served by the McKinney Homeless Act.
Office of Homelessness, Iowa Department of Human Services, Hoover State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319-0146; (515) 251-6249.
The Office of Homelessness was established within the Iowa Department of Human Services in July 1990. The primary functions of this office are to act as a focal point for receiving and disseminating information related to Homeless issues and to help coordinate state and local efforts to deal more effectively with homelessness.
Alliance for the Mental Illness of Iowa, 5911 Meredith Drive, Fleet C1, Des Moines, IA 50322-1903; (515) 254-0417.
Offers mutual support and education regarding mental illness. Advocates for a comprehensive state mental health system that provides effective services for mentally ill persons in their communities.
Community Mental Health Centers Association of Iowa, 321 East Walnut Street, Suite 140, Des Moines, IA 50309; (515) 243-2126.
Assists in the development and improvement of community mental health centers and helps build an effective system of community mental health services. The Community Mental Health Centers in Iowa provide a wide range of services to help people who are not coping well with everyday problems with fees for services based on the client's ability to pay.
Iowa Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2603 Bell Avenue, Suite 100, Des Moines, IA 50321; (515) 244-8028; Statewide hot line 1-800-942-0333.
Provide safety and support to victims of domestic violence and their children.
Iowa Coalition for Housing and the Homeless, 205 15th Street, Des Moines, IA 50309-3405; (515) 288-5022.
The Coalition brings together organizations that have responded to the housing crisis by developing effective strategies for meeting the housing needs of Homeless and low-income people.
Iowa Community Action Association, 602 East First Street, Des Moines, IA 50309-1881; (515) 283-4525.
An advocate supporting public policy that addresses the needs of low-income and disadvantaged citizens. ICAA represents the 19 Iowa Community Action Agencies who provide programs that focus on assisting poverty-stricken families in their struggle to become self-sufficient.
Iowa Protection and Advocacy Services, Inc., 3015 Merle Hay Road, Suite 6, Des Moines, IA 50310; (515) 278-2502.
The Governor's designated protection and advocacy agency as required by federal law. Created to safeguard and protect the rights of individuals with (1) mental illness (2) developmental disabilities, and (3) severe disabilities. Services are free and statewide as resources permit. Provides protection of the rights of persons with disabilities through legally based advocacy.
Legal Services Corporation of Iowa (LSCI), 1111 9th Street, Suite 230, Des Moines, IA 50314-2527; (515) 243-2151.
LSCI provides free legal assistance with civil law problems to eligible low-income Iowans. LSCI is a nonprofit program which receives support from a wide range of sources including federal, state, and local governments as well as private organizations and donors. Ten regional offices are located around the state and all counties are served except Polk County. Priorities have been set for the types of problems LSCI will handle and they include housing, health, income, maintenance, and matters involving family law, employment, consumer, education, and individual rights. A variety of community legal education publications is available on topics including landlord tenant law and guardianship and conservatorship law in Iowa. Eligible clients may be referred to private attorneys who take part in LSCI's Volunteer Lawyers Project. Contact the regional office providing local service to find out if help is available. For the toll-free telephone number of the office serving your county, call 1-800-532-1275.
The Homeless/Mental Illness Advocacy Project is a special LSCI project serving eligible persons throughout the state (including Polk County) who are Homeless, at risk of being Homeless, or who have a mental illness. Legal help in available to people who just moved to Iowa as well as to longtime residents. Callers should ask for Jennifer Bronson, Attorney at Law. The telephone number is (515) 280-3636 or toll-free 1-800-532-1503.
Iowa Department for the Blind, 524 4th Street, Des Moines, IA 50309; 1-800-362-2587.
Deaf Services Commission of Iowa, Lucas State Office Building, Des Moines, IA 50319; (515) 281-3164.
Federal Agencies
Emergency Food and Shelter National Programs, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street, S.W., Room 625, Washington, DC 20472; (202) 646-3107; http://efsp.unitedway.org
Administrates the Emergency Food and Shelter National Board Program which provides funding to nonprofit organizations for the provision of food, shelter, and emergency assistance (one month of rent/mortgage and utility bills). This program is for economically disadvantages, not for disaster assistance.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Primary Health Care, 4350 East West Highway, 9th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20814; (301) 594-4430; http://www.bphc.hrsa.dhhs.gov/hch/hch1.htm
The Federal Health Care for the Homeless Program (HCH) helps fund community-based organizations who provide primary health care, mental health services, and substance abuse treatment to Homeless people. HCH guarantees also offer outreach, case management, and referrals to connect Homeless individuals to needed mental health treatment, social services, entitlements, and housing.
Health Care for the Homeless Clincian's Network, P.O. Box 68019, Nashville, TN 37206-8019; (615) 226-2292; http://www.nashville.net/~hch
The Health Care for the Homeless Clinician's Network is a national membership organization for clinicians dedicated to combating and preventing homelessness and the improving the health and quality of life for Homeless people. The Network trains and educates clinicians, provides peer support, promotes research, and offers leadership opportunities. The organization's primary goal is to provide a forum for sharing information and experience which enhances clinical practice.
Center for Mental Health Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 11C-05, Rockville, MD 20857; (301) 443-3706; http://www.samhsa.gov/cmhs/cmhs.htm
Fund programs that support Homeless mentally ill individuals. One of their programs, Projects for Assistance and Transition from Homelessness (PATH) supports programs, located in all states, that help find housing for Homeless and provides mental health services.
Contact the above office for information regarding Access to Community Care and Effective Services and Supports (ACCESS), Dual Diagnosis Treatment Demonstration Program, Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness(PATH).
*Interagency Council on the Homeless, 451 7th Street SW, Suite 7274, Washington, D.C. 20410-0000; (202) 708-1480.
Provides federal leadership for activities to assist Homeless families and individuals. The major activities of the Council include: (1) planning and coordinating the Federal Government's actions and programs to assist Homeless people, and making or recommending policy changes to improve such assistance, (2) monitoring and evaluating assistance to Homeless persons provided by all levels of government and the private sector, (3) ensuring that technical assistance is provided to help community and other organizations effectively assist Homeless persons, and (4) disseminating information on federal resources available to assist the Homeless population.
Clearinghouse/information resource toll-free telephone numbers and web sites of interest are available from the Council.
Special Needs Assistance Programs, Office of Community Planning and Development, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Room 7254, 451 7th Street SW, Washington, DC 20410; (202) 708-1226 or 1-8000-HUD-1010.
HUD developed a concept to enable communities to shape a comprehensive and coordinated housing and service delivery system called a Continuum of Care. HUD Homeless assistance programs are tools that can be used to implement a Continuum of Care system. HUD's Special Needs Assistance Programs are: emergency shelter grants, supportive housing program, shelter care plus, single room occupancy, surplus federal property for use to assist the Homeless.
Further information may be obtained from the local HUD field office, the address listed above, or the Interagency Council on the Homeless.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Compensatory Education Programs, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Room 4400, Portals Building, 600 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20202-6132; (202) 260-0826.
Provides assistance to establish an office in each state to coordinate education for Homeless children and youth and to provide services to Homeless children and youth in local education agencies. Administrates the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance grants.
National Organizations
*Children's Defense Fund, 25 "E" Street NW, Washington, DC 20001; (202) 628-8787.
A privately supported child advocacy organization that exists to provide a strong and effective voice for the children of America.
*Health Care the the Homeless, Information Resource Center, Policy Research Associates, 262 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054; 1-888-439-3300; http://www.prainc.com/nrc
Offers frontline provides and program staff easy access to the most current research and information about clinical practices, funding opportunities, and legislative initiatives that impact their work. Services include a video lending library.
*Health Resource Center on Domestic Violence, Family Violence Prevention Fund, 383 Rhode Island Street, Suite 304, San Francisco, CA 94103; 1-800-313-1310; Hot line 1-800-799-7233.
The Health Resource Center on Domestic Violence, a project of the Family Violence Prevention Fund, focuses on strengthening the health care response to domestic violence. The Health Resource Center provides resources, training materials, and technical assistance to health care professionals and others serving victims of domestic violence.
*Homeless Information Exchange and National Coalition for the Homeless, 1012 14th Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20005; (202) 737-6444; http://nch.ari.net
A nationwide advocacy organization and clearinghouse for information on homelessness.
*National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, P.O. Box 1182, Washington, D.C. 20013-1182; (703) 385-7565 1-800-394-3366; http://www.calib.com/nccanch
Collects and disseminates information and publications on all forms of child maltreatment.
*National Health Care for the Homeless Council, P.O. Box 68019, Nashville, TN 37206-8019; (615_ 226-2292; http://www.nashville.net/~hch/
The National Council is an association of local projects in 23 cities, each providing direct health, social work, mental health, substance abuse, and related services to Homeless people. The council coordinates mutual support and advocacy efforts for the improvement of health care delivery and the elimination of homelessness.
*National Health Information Center, P.O. Box 1133, Washington, D.C. 20013-1133; 1-800-336-4797; http://nhic-nt.health.org
The Center is a health information and referral services for health educators, health professionals and the general public. Information is provided on a variety of topics which include, AIDS, cancer, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance, alcohol and drug abuse, asthma and allergies, as well as information on Healthy People 2000. Spanish speaking staff is available. A free publications list is available. The National Health Information Center is a service of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The toll-free number is available from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
*National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, 918 F Street, NW, Suite 412, Washington, D.C. 20004; (202) 638-2534; http://www.hlchp.org
The mission of the Law Center is to advocate effectively to protect the rights of Homeless people and to implement solutions to end homelessness in America. To achieve its mission, the Law Center pursues three main strategies: impact litigation, policy advocacy, and public education.
National Low Income Housing Coalition, 1012 14th Street NW, Suite 610, Washington, D.C. 20005; (202) 662-1530; http://www.nlihc.org
Committed to educating, organizing, and advocating to ensure decent, affordable housing within health neighborhoods for everyone.
*National Resource Center on Homelessness and Mental Illness, Policy Research Associates, Inc., 262 Delaware Avenue, Delmar, NY 12054; 1-800-444-7415; http://www.praine.com/nrc/
Provides technical assistance, identifies and synthesizes knowledge, and disseminates information. Publishes extensive bibliographies and a periodic bulletin with updated information on homelessness. Keeps bibliographic database of current literature of homelessness and mental illness.
Internet Addresses Regarding Homelessness
Iowa Department of Education. Homeless web page. http://www.state.ia.us/educate/at_risk/Homeless.html
*Center for Homeless Education and Information at William Penn College. Web site http://www.wmpenn.edu/PennWeb/LTP/LTP2.html
NLCHP: Publication List: Policy Papers - Policy Papers. Return to Main Page Return to Publication List Main Menu. Beyond McKinney: Policies to End Homelessness. http://www.nlchp.org/policy.htm
Homeless Students - Teacher/Pathfinder Home: Support Offices: Pupil Personnel Specialists: Homeless Students. Resources: Education and Homelessness: Current Legislative... http://teacherpathfinder.org/Support/homelesskids.html
SN July-August 1997: Bulletin Board - Bulletin Board: New Research and Resources on Homelessness. Safety Network: July-August 1997. Current Issue, Back Issues, Home. http://nch.ari.net/sn/1997/july/julybulletin.html
Spokane Homeless Coalition/Homeless Information Resources - Homeless Arts Program. Homeless Handbook. Homeless Home Page. Homeless Missing Person Project. Homeless On-line. HUD Community Connections. McKinney Act. http://www.spokanecommunity.org/Homeless/links.htm
Homelessness - Homelessness. 54 Ways You Can Help the Homeless. The Emergency Food and Shelter National Board Program. Homeless Economic Development. http://wilmington.ha.org/1-home.html
Education and Homelessness-Legislation - Education and Homelessness: Current Legislative Issues. Education for Homeless Children and Youth. The McKinney Education for Homeless Children and Youth. http://nch.ari.net/edleg.html
U.S. Department of Education, http://www.ed.gov/EDPrograms/7.html
This site is a page from the guide to U.S. Department of Education programs. Specifically education for Homeless children and youth and provides information on grant for state and local activities.
Emergency Food and Shelter nation Board Program (EFSP), http://www.efsp.unitedway.org
EFSP works as a public/private partnership to deliver money to communities to be spent according to the communities' need. This site describes how the National Board allocates funds and the statistics used to make those awards.
Official Federal government Web Sites, A Library of Congress Internet Resources Page, http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/executive/fed.html
This site is an organized list of all links to federal government offices.
GrantsNet, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), http://www.os.dhhs.gov
GrantsNet provides current funding opportunities which are available through all HHS agencies, and also provides pertinent regulations. In addition, users have the option to subscribe to various lists, grouped by topic, to network and share valuable information with other human service providers.
Department of Health and Human Services, http://www.healthfinder.gov/default.htm
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) site is divided by all HHS agencies, including Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) which is focused on Medicare and Medicaid.
*National Institutes of Health, http://www.nih.gov/
This site provides health information including access to a wide variety of on-line health resources concerning specific topics. The NIH calendar of events, press releases, special reports is listed, as well as information on funding opportunities, grant policy, and contracts. Scientific resources provide information on NIH's intramural interest groups, on-line library catalogs and journals, and researching training. Links to a variety of organizations that collectively makeup the NIH provide full-text consumer health publications.
Housing and Urban Development (community issues), http://www.hud.gov/hudprog.html
This site is dedicated to providing information about community issues, homes and housing options, marketplace business issues, and research on housing and community related materials. Visitors may chat in the Town Hall Forum about new topics in public policy issues. HUD's five major program areas are profiled, including Community Planning and Development; Housing; Public and Indian Housing; Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity; and Ginnie Mae.
Homes for the Homeless, http://www.opendoor.com/hfh/
This site offers facts about homelessness along with information about the American Family Inn model of transitional housing. A publications section allows one to order publications and access several brief reports discussing recent research findings from the Institute for Children and Poverty.
*Hunger Web, http://www.brown.edu/Departments/World_Hunger_Program/
This site is a project of the Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Program at Brown University. Its aim is to help prevent and eradicate hunger and poverty (including homelessness) by facilitating the free exchange of ideas and information regarding causes of and solutions to hunger. It contains both primary information made available by the World Hunger Program and its partners and links to other sites with related information. It is organized into four categories: research; advocacy; education; and field work. An index of all links is provided.
*The National Coalition on the Homeless (NCH), http://nch.ari.net
This site includes an excellent briefing on current and pending legislation relevant to homelessness, along with access to NCH publications and a listing of events and conferences. A recently developed on-line library concerning homelessness and poverty contains hundreds of reports covering national, state, and local studies, program and training manuals, policy analyses, curriculum guides, evaluations, conference reports, literature reviews, government reports, advocacy annals, case studies, and more. Additional features include: Homeless voices, where Homeless people share their experiences of what it is like to be Homeless; facts about homelessness, and related issues such as substance abuse, mental illness, employment, families, elders, veterans, domestic violence, and education; current legislative and policy issues affecting Homeless and poor people; an overview of the most pressing matters in Congress affecting poor and Homeless people and how individual efforts can help; current organizing projects; public education projects; a directory of state and national Homeless/housing advocacy organizations; a directory of local Homeless organizations; a calendar of upcoming events; a notice of funding availabilities for Homeless programs; and links to other useful related Internet resources.
*National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, http://www.nlchp.org/
Visitors to the site can find out about special information requests or receive general information about homelessness. There are fact sheets on housing, health, and quality of life issues. NLCHP also provides a list of its publications and links to other sites.
*National Coalition for Homeless Veterans, http://www.nchv.org
This site provides a fact sheet and answers to frequently asked questions about Homeless veterans. There is also a brief guide to starting a Homeless veterans program. Current policy issues and the concept of StandDown community-based interventions are also discussed.
*The
references with an asterisk (*) before them include bibliographies and/or a
listing of resources.
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